The Declaration of Independence and David Simon Essay Example for Free

The Declaration of Independence and David Simon Essay In this essay, I will explain what â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† says about the people’s right to happiness and compare it to David Simon’s essay There Are Now Two Americas. My County is a Horror Show and what he believes about Americans enjoying the same rights. David Simon believed that happiness involves money, land and opportunity. Lastly I will give my opinion on what I believe the right to pursue happiness involves and means. According to the first draft of The Declaration of Independence, people’s rights were being ignored by the King. Thomas Jefferson once said â€Å"mankind is more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed† (Jefferson,1), this is telling us that the people are allowing the corrupt government to take over their life and put them through suffering that they do not deserve or want. â€Å"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed† (Jefferson, 1), this one ruler mentality also known as absolute monarchy lets the ruler have full control of everything and has no limits on his wishes or power. This type of government allowed the one ruler or king to take away people’s right to be heard, seen and ultimately their happiness. One would think that because they live in the United started of America everybody gets treated equally, but in reality, they are wrong. In David Simon’s essay There Are Now Two Americas. My County is a Horror Show, Simon expresses his view on how Americans are not enjoying the same rights as others and how rich people have taken over the government. Simon also says â€Å"You witnessed it again with the healthcare debacle in terms of the $450m that was heaved into congress† (Simon, 3). He believed that rich people bought the government with their money so they could make more money and be richer. The lower class was always fighting to get basic need services such as healthcare and education. Most were at risk of becoming drug addicts and/or homeless. Many immigrants or citizen just wanted to live the American dream, which is considered the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social  mobility that one will achieve through hard work. David Simon believed that money, land or to have opportunity to live a happy life is not based on money. Simon considers that with a minimum wage salary, a small home and a fair government you will be able to pursue and eventually acquired complete or full happiness. He says that the government has only helped the working class by raising wages and going into war so they can win more land and build more factories. In his essay, Simon says â€Å"It took a working class that had no discretionary income at the beginning of the century, which was working on subsistence wages. It turned it into a consumer class† (Simon, 2). The government has converted our people into working animals that only care about making or earning more money to waste it on unnecessary stuff they like but do not need. The engine that drove them to this gullible mentality was the ability to make money and realizing that they are able to afford everything they want and desire even when this desires are not needed. Having a fair society is being able to have moral choices without jeopardizing happiness. â€Å"Are we all in this together or are we all not?† (Simon, 5), David Simon is asking that as Americans we have to work together as a team to ensure everyone has their basic rights and happiness. He believed that capitalism is a good way of making money but it does not solve moral problems. â€Å"The other thing that was there in 1932, that isn’t there now is that some element of the popular will could be expressed through the electoral process in my country† (Simon, 5), he goes to say this because in 1932 the government bought the elections and the people of America were not able to choose their government. I believe that the right to pursuit happiness involves you speaking up when you feel your unalienable rights are being violated. The key word is pursuit, we all have the right to go after the things we want and what we think will make us happy; but happiness is not guarantee, is just the ability to look for it. Furthermore, happiness is not an entitlement either. We all have the right to take action for our own happiness as long as one’s rights are not being infringed. Unalienable rights are given to all human beings by their creator. It is the government’s responsibility to protect them without violating them. Finally, live life in a manner that you believe will lead you to happiness.

The Good Old Days of the Internet :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

I read an essay about how the web has changed since the good old days. It talked about the beginning of weblogs (aka- blogs), how they used to represent something essential about the web... and now (of course) they've become so common (thanks to programs like Blogger), that their original purpose had been lost. Â   The essay talked about how people who discovered the web recently (like me I suppose), were missing out on the original spirit of the web because commercial sites had overrun everything, and we didn't have true web logs to point us towards the small, personal sites behind the billboards. And on and on... I had a hard time grasping the underlying point of the essay, besides the fact that it sounded like someone talking about how they heard That Band live, back when they were Cool, before they 'Sold Out'. But the idea that somehow the true spirit of the web was now compromised because of big commercial sites seemed a bit strange. Like somehow Nike.com was stealing the soul of geocities.com/my_neighborhood/my_weblog.html. That struck me as BS. Us poor newcomers are apparently being deprived of the 'true' web experience because of commercial sites. Â   I'd almost suggest just the opposite... the peculiar shifts that retail sales have had to undergo in order to do business on the internet have contributed as much to web culture as sites of cool underground links, or tributes to beloved deceased pets. Even the gawd-awful get-rich-quick auto-generated MLM sites and the horrid Free for All links pages are part of the culture of the web. And us newcomers, if we really take interest in this strange alternate universe, can find the odd, underground personal sites if we look. Â   To say that slick corporate sites are ruining the culture of the web would be like saying department stores like Macy's or Bloomingdale's ruined the culture of New York City. By god, NYC should have no commercial enterprise bigger than those those kitschy little kosher delis, family-owned New York pizza shops and Asian groceries. Anything bigger and slicker than that is an outrage. And NYC really has too many poeple now... all these newcomers just don't get it. Their clueless antics are ruining our city's culture. Those obnoxious street performers, and pushy three-card-monte scam artists! To say nothing of the homeless! How uncool are they? Â  

Career Choices Essay

Introduction Making the perfect career choice is a lifetime decision that will have a lasting impression on your life and the life of your future family. As we all grow up in life we hear from our parents and mentor’s that if you decide to choose a career that you dislike, you can spend a life time living a miserable lifestyle and your career will have a short life span. In vice-versa, if you find something that you love to do in life and you are  able to make that into a long lasting career. It will seem like you have never worked one day in your life. Throughout time, many working class individuals have chosen to pursue educations in careers that will lead to a future living a stable lifestyle but it is not what their true passions are in life. So they are stuck doing something that they hate in life just because they have to work in order to provide a sufficient lifestyle for themselves and family. Another critical aspect that you must take into consideration when making a career choice is to make a valid consideration on whether you can grow inside of the career decision you make or will you remain static performing one position for the rest of your life. The reason why a lot of individuals choose to go to college is because they are stuck in a dead end job that has no momentum to further gain a promotion or advance in pay. In my opinion, entrepreneurship should be every individual’s long term goal in life. The ultimate decision making factor in choosing a career and working for a prominent company is to get the working experience making mistakes under another companies supervision, so when you begin to start your own company you will already have the experience to make smart business decisions and know how to make your company prosperous. Even though there are a lot of great career choices out there in the world, I believe that a career in either health and wellness or software engineering would be the best fit for me because they will give me the opportunity to grow, both fields are very challenging, and they both will give me the opportunity to prosper and own a private company. 1 The Importance of Having A Software Engineering Technical Career Since the late 1940’s the software engineering field has been growing rapidly as a challenging and profound profession for a lot of software students that would like to inquire skills that helps to maximize the quality and create database software. Since this time excellent software programmers have found ways to improve these components by increasing their speed, security, usability, cost, testability, size, readability, and stability. Engineers have developed business software that have changed the world and has adapted this same concept onto many home computers so consumers can have the same usability as larger corporations from the comfort of their own laptop computer. Computer innovation has evolved greatly since the 1940’s with higher advanced platforms that are able to integrate businesses with consumers easier, through the invention of the World Wide Web. Laptop computers along with tablets have created an easier and more efficient way to access the internet with access to public networks that can be routed from any major hotel or fast food restaurant, and mobile phone technology that has been designed by Mac and Android allow consumers to stay connected to the world from the comfort of a palm sized device. It takes a very talented array of programmers to design these devices and with the world of technology at the forefront of driving innovation; this career field is here to stay. With stability also come growth and business opportunities for talented engineers to step up and continue driving this career field to unknown places. Opportunity For Growth Recently CNN money came out with an article titled â€Å"Best Jobs in America† which had a detailed listing of the top 100 careers in America with great pay and growth potential. It was not a surprise to see software architects at the top of the list at number 1 with a 10 year job growth forecast of 34% beating out other leading career opportunities such as physician assistants coming in at number 2, and management consultant coming in at number 3. CNN has stated, 2 â€Å"Like architects who design buildings, they create the blueprints for software engineers to follow and pitch in with programming too. Plus, architects are often called on to work with customers and product managers, and they serve as a link between a company’s tech and business staffs† (CNN Money, 2010). Making this a well-diversified career field where you get the opportunity to work inside a comfortable office setting but also visit customers at their facilities and help out with customer service issues at remote locations. Along with the exceptional growth potential this career path shares, it also can create amazing entry level financial stability as well as stated in figure 1 below: 10th%| 25th%| 75th%| 90th%| As you advance your experience and expertise in the software engineering career field, programmers have the option to choose a specific craft such as a technical support engineer, C++ software engineer, or lead software engineer where your average annual income can range from $63,000 upwards to $120,000 a year easily based on an individual’s knowledge. The Challenge Even though ultimate career stability along with a great compensation plan and benefits sounds great from the outside looking in we must also understand that with great opportunities also comes a great challenge. Programming in laments terms can be contributed to learning a second language such as 3 Spanish. It takes a lot of dedicated time to perfecting this skill along with training. Depending on your decided expertise there may be a ton of syntax and logical instructions that you have to learn in order to program effectively and unfortunately most of this time is spent outside a classroom or job setting really learning the craft at home on an individual’s personal time. But in a more positive perspective a lot of these languages such as Java, C#, and Visual Basic derive from the parent language of C++ so if you are able to get a great concept for this computing language the others will come fairly efficient for beginning programmers. Another positive aspect to this career field is since there are such high demands for these positions a lot of companies offer entry level programming positions offered to developers that have no experience so this will give individuals the opportunity to work under mid and senior level technicians to learn the ropes. A lot of individuals stray away from challenge, growth, and hard work but this is a career field that awards individuals for hard work, and gives techs the opportunity to learn a new aspect of the business every single day which makes this career field interesting. Below in figure 2 is a progression  chart that shows the career path a software engineer should take in order to become great at their craft and make a nice 6 figure income. Progression chart| A career progression chart generally resembles the one below. It may vary from company to company. | Role| Years of experience| Trainee software engineer| 0-1| Software engineer| 1-2| Senior software engineer| 2-4| System analyst| 3-5| Project leader| 5-8| Figure 2 ExpressComputerOnline.Com career roadmap for software engineers 4 Building A Business One could only imagine that one day a company that was started in your parents garage would evolve and become a multi-billion dollar company that has millions of dedicated customers, and releases innovative products that changes the world every year. Well this is not a dream anymore; it has actually been a reality for major companies such as Google, Apple, and Macintosh which have all started out of garages. The biggest disadvantage the many software developers face when building their own business is they do not have a lot of business experience, but with help from outsourcing agencies such as fog creek which specializes in the development and startup of technology companies they state that â€Å"if you have an innovative product that can compete for market share versus other companies all you have to do is market, sale, price, and hire exceptionally well† (Fog Creek Software, 2011). Which is not an easy process but if you are able to do it effectively your business will have a fair chance of competing in a vastly competitive marketplace. How A Health And Wellness Career Will Create A Great Business Career Individual health and wellness have been in the forefront of the world for many decades now being led by activist groups and government agencies  initiating â€Å"Go Green† marketing campaigns and household tax credits for individuals and homeowners who convert their lifestyles to a more healthy and energy efficient environment. CNN states that health and wellness physicians â€Å"Perform routine care such as physicals and tests, counseling patients, and even prescribing medication, all under a doctor’s supervision. Today’s doctor shortage will only worsen as boomers age and health care reform brings more patients into the system, creating a huge need for this field† (CNN Money, 2010). 5 So even with an aging population this will continue to be a career path that will always be in high demand. Opportunity For Growth On the CNN money web article that was published earlier in the year physician’s assistants that also are in health and wellness practices partake in the number 2 position with a 39% 10 year annual growth forecast. Even though going green and living health is not new in the minds of many Americans a lot of individuals have not accepted the lifestyle thus living in an unhealthy environment. Statistics have shown that just in woman alone â€Å"Recent national data show that 82.1 percent of Black women and 75.7 percent of Hispanic women are overweight or obese compared to 59.5 percent of White women (Ogden, 2012).† This shows that there is still a lot of room for growth in this industry and still barriers to break down before this money making opportunity really explodes. In college classrooms instructors have put a major emphasis on students teaching their patients how their living environments vastly effect there personal health and living an unhealthy personal lifestyle will have a vastly negative effect on their health. With more educators out there pushing the idea and government agencies pushing the effort there is a ton of room for growth in this industry. Health and wellness physicians make a pretty comfortable lifestyle as represented below in figure 3, and it is also pretty fulfilling knowing that you are changing individual lives by helping them improve their health. The Challenge With any career field that is rewarding and has a tremendous opportunity for growth there are some challenges and risk that must be taken into consideration. Just like with the software engineering career path there is a journey that needs to be taken before you have the appropriate authority to recommend patients for certain treatments and products. There was an article posted in the New England Journal by Michael Porter which makes an argument that states, â€Å"By shifting our focus on value, simply defined as quality divided by cost, we can lower costs and improve quality (Porter, 2011)†. So in order to make this a rewarding career path, consumers would have to switch their focus as well which makes this a difficult path to choose. Education will not be a hard factor to fulfill because there are tons of institutions that offer individuals certification opportunities and there was an article on livestrong.com that supports health and wellness professionals that states, â€Å"If you have a passion for health and wellness, sharing your interest can enrich the lives of others as well. College majors in kinesiology or exercise science can teach skills for exercise and wellness careers but may not be required to obtain certifications (Case, 2011).† 7 Building A Business Building a Health and Wellness Company may not be easy but if we are able to get it off the ground and running it does offer a tremendous reward and fulfillment knowing that you are offering individuals great products and services that will change their lives by allowing them to live a healthier fulfilling lifestyle. There are even lots of companies out there in the market today which assist business minded individuals such as Melaleuca in helping individuals start their own health and wellness companies. They provide products along with customer service to those who are small companies and need outsourcing to get started. This helps break down a lot of barriers and makes the transition into entrepreneurship a lot easier. Conclusion Developing a career in software engineering or health and wellness can be very growth orientated, lucrative, and rewarding careers that both give back to the community. Even though there are a lot of great career choices out there in the world, I believe that a career in either health and wellness or software engineering would be the best fit for me because they will give me the opportunity to grow, both fields are very challenging, and they both will give me the opportunity to prosper and own a private company. I was always told in my life that as you begin to mature in life an individual should always have three forms of income coming in which first is a primary income which results from a regular steady job. The second is an alternate income which may result from a part time job or secondary business. While the last form of revenue may result from investing or savings income. My final career choice decision is to pursue software engineering as my primary income since I have dedicated so much time and effort towards learning the craft, and pursuing my bachelor’s degree in Computer Information Systems will help me get a great entry level position with a great starting pay. Plus I have a passion for innovation and enjoy the challenge of learning something new every day. Second, I also have a passion for helping others and with the sales background that I currently have it would be an excellent opportunity for me to build a business starting a secondary health and wellness company selling health certified products to homeowners that wish to live a healthy and clean lifestyle. References Case, H. (2011, June 14). Exercise & wellness careers. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/325785-exercise-wellness-careers/ CNN Money. (2010). Best jobs in America. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobs/2010/snapshots/1.html CNN Money. (2010). Best jobs in America. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobs/2010/snapshots/2.html Fog Creek Software. (2011, June 12). Building great software companies. Retrieved from http://www.fogcreek.com/guide/ Ogden, C. (2012, January 10). Overweight and obesity in the u.s. Retrieved from http://frac.org/initiatives/hunger-and-obesity/obesity-in-the-us/ Porter, M. (2011, March 6). The value proposition for health care. Retrieved from http://cfplt.com/the-value-proposition-for-healthcare-a-challenge-for-physician-leadership/

Automation with Ruby NetSSH (Secure Shell)

SSH (or Secure Shell) is a network protocol that allows you to exchange data with a remote host over an encrypted channel. Its most commonly used as an interactive shell with Linux and other UNIX-like systems. You may use it to log into a Web server and run a few commands to maintain your website. It can also do other things, though, such as transfer files and forward network connections. Net::SSH is a way for Ruby to interact with SSH. Using this gem, you can connect to remote hosts, run commands, examine their output, transfer files, forward network connections, and do anything you would normally do with an SSH client. This is a powerful tool to have if you frequently interact with remote Linux or UNIX-like systems. Installing Net::SSH The Net::SSH library itself is pure Ruby--it requires no other gems and doesnt need a compiler to install. However, it does rely on the OpenSSL library to do all the encryption needed. To see if OpenSSL is installed, run the following command. If the Ruby command above outputs an OpenSSL version, its installed and everything should work. The Windows One-Click Installer for Ruby includes OpenSSL, as do many other Ruby distributions. To install the Net::SSH library itself, install the net-ssh gem. Basic Usage The most common way to use Net::SSH is to use the Net::SSH.start method. This method takes the hostname, username and password and will either return an object representing the session  or pass it to a block if given one. If you give the ​start method a block, the connection will be closed at the end of the block. Otherwise, youll have to manually close the connection when youre finished with it. The following example logs into a remote host and gets the output of the ls (list files) command. Within the block above, the ssh object refers to the open and authenticated connection. With this object, you can launch any number of commands, launch commands in parallel, transfer files, etc. You might also notice that the password was passed as a hash argument. This is because SSH allows for a variety of authentication schemes, and you need to tell it this is a password.

Slaughterhouse-Five Futile Search for Meaning Essay

Critics often suggest that Kurt Vonnegut’s novels represent a man’s desperate, yet, futile search for meaning in a senseless existence.nbsp; Vonnegut’s novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, displays this theme.nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut uses a narrator, which is different from the main character.nbsp; He uses this technique for several reasons. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut introduces Slaughterhouse Five in the first person.nbsp; In the second chapter, however, this narrator changes to a mere bystander.nbsp; Vonnegut does this for a specific reason.nbsp; He wants the reader to realize that the narrator and Billy Pilgrim, the main character, are two different people.nbsp; In order to do this,†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Kurt Vonnegut does not want to glorify war.nbsp; The narrator made a vow to nbsp;O’Hare’s wife, in chapter one, that the story would not do this.nbsp; â€Å"...I give my word of honor.nbsp; I’ll call it the children’s crusade.†nbsp; In order to do this, Vonnegut makes the main character a simple man.nbsp; His name is Billy Pilgrim.nbsp; His mission is to avoid anything that requires action or responsibility.nbsp; This causes him to avoid finding meaning in his life; he regards the world as chaotic.nbsp; The senseless act of war causes Billy to

An Analysis Of Jacob And Wilhelm Grimm s Version Of The...

Reading of Rumpelstiltskin Do not abuse your power, do not lie, and above all else, do not be greedy. Like many within its genre, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm’s version of the fairy-tale Rumpelstiltskin, attempts to propagate strong moral lessons towards a youthful demographic. Many years ago, this concept held true to me, in which, with little contradiction, I was able to draw the three aforementioned conclusions from the classic fable. Recently, however, upon revisitation of the text, certain elements within the Grimm brother’s tale evoked a strongly oppositional reading from me. Where I once accepted the author’s words with minimal hesitation, I now found myself strongly resenting the ‘good’ character, unexpectedly empathising with the once†¦show more content†¦Alas, with the ability to spin straw into gold, the ring and necklace offered by the soon to be queen were of little worth to Rumpelstiltskin from the very beginning, yet still, in her time of need, he assisted h er like a true gentleman. In fact, in exchange for his valuable ‘services,’ he only ever asks for something truly precious, her child, when she no longer faces the threat of death. Evil? I think not. Rather, perhaps Rumpelstiltskin was simply lonely and in desire of the love and attention of a human companion†¦And for this, he died? As such, with this initial contradiction, I was prompted to re-read the text once more with even greater opposition, the seemingly pure and ‘good willed’ Miller’s daughter now falling into the path of my oppositional frenzy. She was, I noticed during my second reading now, in direct contradiction with my 21st century view of women , acting as a shameful and outdated representation of females in general. Surely, rather than simply contradicting her father at the beginning, or telling the king the truth later, she responds submissively and fearfully to their actions and commands, as though she is incapable of anything herself, relying on others (Rumpelstiltskin) instead to rectify her situation. This damsel in distress representation—although easily accepted in my innocence as a child—is one that I found exceedingly unpalatable now. Furthermore, as I continued, I discovered something else that saw me

Importance of Action Research †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Action Research. Answer: Introduction Action research involves an inquiry that is systematic and helps to increase the issues which are social that affect our daily lives(Strringer, 2008). Association of Action research has historically been done with work of Kurt Lewin who had a very unique view on this specific research methodology. His view was that it was dynamic, collaborative and cyclical in nature. It is only done by the continuous cycles of observing, reflecting and planning that persons involved in action research are capable of implementing changes needed for social development.(Kemmis, 1988) Views it as a collaborative process done by people with a common interest. They also suggest that it is mainly done by participants caught up in a social situation that they desire to improve. The major differences between Action research and other types of research that are used in solving the problem is an intense attention that is given to the study that are scientific. This implies that scientist has to study the same problem at hand in a systematic way and ensure that interference that is caused is guided by considerations that are theoretical only. A large percentage of the scientists time is used up to modify the tools that are related to methodological, perfectly fit the constraint of that problem, and also helps to present, analyze and collect data depended on a basis of continuous cycle.(O'Brien, 2001). The unique fields that make the action research stand out as an important aspect is the fact that the people involved are turned into researchers, they always will to apply the lessons that are learnt and they always try to learn the best when the work is done by themselves only. Social magnitude is present in action research by which research occurs in present world scenarios and also aims at giving solutions to real world issues. The launcher of the research, unlike the other disciplines, doesnt have an intention of remaining objective but instead he/ she vividly the bias of other participants are acknowledged.(O'Brien, 2001). The processes that are included in action research may be explained through simplified models in order to ensure that the steps are well understood for an effective and result oriented process. Many guidelines are available especially for teachers those who wishes to involve themselves in methodology research. (Strringer, 2008) In page 4 includes the action research helix, also known as Think model and Look Act. The model has been used by the author as an illustration for important processes in action research to students. The model is show below. Data is put together carefully through listening, recording and looking at Look stage. The researcher analyses data that are collected in order to get the important and significant features of problem under study in Think stage. The information that is newly formulated is needed to come up with the available solutions to the problem under study in the Act stage. The figure below is additionally meant to increase the main methods in figure1. This demonstrates cycle of Action Research which consists of five steps. Design of the study, collection of data, analysis of data, communication of the outcomes and finally taking action. To enquiry action research, this is a very common process. For designing study, scientists refine the problem carefully that needs investigation, come up with a systematic process of enquiry the validity check and also the ethics that are needed for work. The second stage involves the researcher collecting data regarding the phenomenon of interest. The information is then analyzed to check important characteristics of the issue. The feedbacks that come out of the related study are then often made available with the audiences by using appropriate media during the communication stage. The most critical part of the action research process is last step which where actions are taken by the scientists in consideration of related outcome of study. Those feedbacks are used in workings that are related towards changing the problem at hand.(Strringer, 2008) Action research is performed under 6 key principles. The reflexive critique which ensures that people reflect on issues and processes the judgments are made on clear the interpretations, biases, assumptions and concerns. This ensures that the accounts that are practical gives rise to considerations that are theoretical (O'Brien, 2001). The argumentative critique is needed to understand the relationship in between the context and phenomenon and also between elements of the phenomenon. The main elements that require the focus are the elements that are consistent which appears not to be stable or are mainly opposite to the other elements. The changes are created by these elements only. Resources that are collaborative is third principle which gives an elaboration that every different person has different ideas and all are important equally and are significant and can be resourced potentially to create interpretive categories that are negotiated and analyzed among all other participants. This ensures that ideas borne from recognizing the difference between several point of view and single point view are made possible. The forth principle key to the changing process, which challenges all the previously established methods of performing things is the key. This led to creation of psychic fears among the practitioners. The biggest fear originates from risk to arise ego from discussions that are opened of a persons ideas and interpretations. Therefore the action initiators research make the use of the principle that are to abate the fears of others and encourage them to engage making clear the fact that they also, that will subject with same process, regardless of the learning and outcome that has taken place. The fifth principle is the Plural Structure that needs text that is plural for reporting. There also exist several accounts that are made explicit which need commentaries and classification for the options that are required for all the actions that are presented. This report sheds a light on the support for discussions that are going on among all the collaborators compared to a fact that have fin al conclusion(O'Brien, 2001). The final and last principle is Transformation, Practice and Theory. Theory instructs practice, and practice instructs theory. Both are done in a transformation that is continuous. In several cases, ones action always depends on the assumptions that are held and also the theories. It mostly depends on the scientists to do justification that is theoretically precise that are taken and to ask question to the areas where justifications is needed. The following applications that are practical are subjected for further analysis of transformative cycle which keeps on alternating the emphasis that comes in between practice and theory. Several assumptions are made during action research. Systematic reflexitivity is the constant analysis of a persons theoretical and methodological presuppositions which enables him to acknowledge the importance of other peoples definition of theirs. Ontology on the other hand involves the assumptions that constitute social reality and the value implications enjoined in those assumptions. It is however not easy to characterize the ontological assumptions involved in action research, considering that action research has developed in various ways with enormous differences in basic assumptions.(Nielsen, 2004). Having been the first person to use the concept of action research,(lewin, 1946)s scientific background was an important attribute to the objectification that is found in experimental social research like the one practiced in the Hawthorne experiments. The major element in the reports of Hawthornes experiments known as bias and later named as Hawthorne effect was the actual and real result in Action research. The researchers therefore influenced the field and pushed it further to a humanizing direction. Lewin therefore viewed the influence of the researchers as something productive in the process of creating knowledge. The answers to experimental social science were that Lewin considers the field as some sort of permanent social change. He also believed that objectification in social science was incremental in the authoritarian and undemocratic social orientations in contemporary modern societies. He was convinced enough that an organizational and cultural reorientation whose intenti on was to assign to people and workers more responsibility was a very important remedy to authoritarian and that action research could play a part in reorientation towards a democratic society.(Nielsen, 2004) Creating social responsibility on the shop floor or in the street through participation was a key guideline for Lewin in his experiments. He proved that one cant find objective laws on behavior in groups that could be restructured via democratic and responsibility building. This very attitude acted as a guide in his understanding of the research process. It should therefore lay out a democratic process where the researcher acknowledges and shares information with practitioners in the formulation of problems and solutions. A researcher who tries to establish neutrality and independence can never get to his goal. This is because the researcher will always find himself in the same ontological condition as everyone else. Relationships between people are built on invitation and requests to do something together hence this are the same principle that we find in classical hermeneutic sociology such as Max Webers. He understands that a researcher is obliged to share his intentional meanings and values to the actor. Interactive relations are however rooted in shared values and connected with intentional orientation. However in contrast to Webers and hermeneutic sociology, Skjervheim denies the need for attempting to reduce neutrality or reduce the commitment. (S.C.Hine, 2013) In classical controlled experiments, especially in qualitative research interviews or in surveys, the researcher attempts to come up with situations which only make sense due to the researchers project. What is mainly investigated in such a case is a frozen reality, only sustainable to the needs of a researcher. Most types of action research follow the ontological assumption. Critical theories that are closer to Marx regarding the interpretation of strengths of social structures whereas pragmatists are closer to Skjervheim in his interpretations of the possibilities of democratic changes within the existing social structures. In the critical theory, nature relation is part of some normative ontology. In the concept of a participatory worldview Peter Reason tries to look for a more elaborative normative set up to both natural and social surrounding.(lewin, 1946) Epistemology is another assumption that requires to be made in Action research. Epistemology simply refers to the theories and assumptions that are concerned with the creation of knowledge. For any action researcher, this assumption is key to understanding possibilities and the present conditions required in the creation of new knowledge in this unfinished world. However, most of the action researchers would agree on the ontological assumption since in epistemology, there are strong disputes among various schools where there is action research(Skjervheim, 1957). Action research is massively used as mode for developing social change. This is through Participatory action research, Youth action research,(Allaman, Dec 17, 2012). Participatory action research (PAR) is a method of investigating topics that are meaningful; to understand the main cause of the problem participation on research is needed that directly affects the people for taking action to increase the policies by dissemination of researches to the makers who introduces the policies and stake holders. (Allaman, Dec 17, 2012) . PAR therefore promotes involvement of young people by the activities of community and leadership skills development is enhanced. It also puts great emphasis on increasing the knowledge of people who are very young, abilities and skills that are needed to be competent in solving problems of importance related to them and speed up positive changes among their peers. Youth participatory action research (YAR) is a tool that is used to catalyze youths social movements involvement which could create modified enthusiasm that are needed for changing socially and also provide new ways for the leadership of the youth. Old and young Educators, philanthropists, community leaders and activists all work together in PAR projects but YPAR lens of youth development to certain that youth have a direct role in deciding on standards that have an result on them(Allaman, Dec 17, 2012). In YPAR projects, the youth help determine the issues that are deemed to be important to them and the community at large. Adults play a role of instilling unique skills in youths required to understand and address issues accordingly. PAR plays a role of integrating action and research and also is significant that work with the young people who show interest in wide areas and are interested in identifying the specific pathways to action. There has to be clearly defined goals and objectives for this process to be worthwhile. Through the research process, the youths who participate get to study how to make the claims and new knowledge that are created regarding the social conditions that exists. YPAR leads where significant actions that are significant that varies from political lobbying to educational outreach. Researches that conducted using quantitative and qualitative data are all collected methods as well as analysis that are critical help the youth to form very opinions that are own about the different issues. YPAR also increases young people participations diversity in that which enables generation of which involves from a huge different section of youth people when they give their own opinions that represent the peers. It also leads to mobilization of youths every time they see their peers with leadership positions. The civic efficiency is increased of the youth because the young researcher that arrives from different backgrounds that are informed and are more importantly involved in the matter of democracy. When youth discover that their inputs are valued and considered, they get more encouraged to participate in matters that lead to development of the community, hence the nation at large. In order to make the most benefit out of PAR initiatives, one should be expectant of the following challenges. One should expect some tension and dilemma to arise and inadequacy of resources for various programs. 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